Legal Protection for Victims of Sexual Violence in Disaster Situations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63477/jols.v3i4.635Keywords:
Legal Protection, Sexual Violence in Disaster Situations, Islamic Criminal LawAbstract
Sexual violence is a serious violation that has profound physical, psychological, and social impacts, especially when it occurs during a disaster. This study examines legal protection against sexual violence in disaster situations according to positive criminal law and Islamic criminal law, and describes its forms, outlines legal regulations in Indonesia, and analyzes them from an Islamic perspective. The method used is normative legal research with a legislative, conceptual, and case approach, based on secondary data in the form of regulations, literature, and scientific works. The results of the study indicate that women and children are the most vulnerable groups, triggered by overcrowding in refugee camps, loss of privacy, weak supervision, and economic dependence of victims. Law No. 12 of 2022 Sexual Violence Crimes Law has regulated comprehensive protection, including a one-third increase in criminal penalties for perpetrators who exploit disaster situations, as also regulated in Article 473 paragraph (10) of the New Criminal Code and Article 15 paragraph (1) letter k of the Sexual Violence Crimes Law. In Islamic law, sexual violence is punished with strict ta'zir sanctions in line with the principles of Maqashid Syariah. The government can impose additional sanctions to deter perpetrators, including: publicly announcing their actions, imposing large fines or moral damages, exiling them, and issuing a recorded warning.
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