Tinjauan Fiqih Muamalah terhadap Sistem Multi Level Marketing (MLM) Syariah

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the sharia Multi-Level Marketing (MLM) system from the perspective of muamalah jurisprudence and determine its compliance with Islamic legal principles. The study uses a qualitative approach with library research. Data were obtained through documentation studies from various sources such as books, scientific journals, articles, and the DSN-MUI Fatwa Number 75/DSN-MUI/VII/2009 concerning Guidelines for Sharia Multi-Level Direct Selling. The data analysis technique was carried out using descriptive qualitative techniques by examining the concept, mechanisms, and practices of sharia MLM based on the principles of muamalah jurisprudence. The results of the study indicate that sharia MLM is basically permissible if it meets sharia principles, such as the presence of halal and real products, clear contracts, a fair bonus system, and does not contain elements of usury, gharar, maysir, tadlis, and member exploitation. However, in practice, several companies are still found using the sharia label without implementing sharia principles comprehensively. Practices that emphasize member recruitment more than selling real products tend to resemble pyramid schemes that are contrary to Islamic law. Therefore, oversight, transparency, and public education are necessary to ensure that Sharia-compliant MLM practices adhere to the principles of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and create a fair and halal business system.